澳门六合彩开奖结果

• Ally:聽Someone who supports a group other than one鈥檚 own (in terms of multiple identities such as race, gender, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, etc.). An ally acknowledges oppression and actively commits to reducing their own complicity, investing in strengthening their own knowledge and awareness of oppression.
• Bias: A form of prejudice that results from our need to quickly classify individuals into categories.
• Bigot:聽A person who is obstinately devoted to their own opinions and prejudices and is intolerant towards other diverse social groups.
• BIPoC:聽An acronym used to refer to black, Indigenous and people of color. It is based on the recognition of collective experiences of systemic racism. As with any other identity term, it is up to individuals to use this term as an identifier.
• Cisgender:聽A term for people whose gender identity, expression or behavior aligns with those typically associated with their assigned sex at birth.
• Color Blind:聽The belief that everyone should be treated 鈥渆qually鈥� without respect to societal, economic, historical, racial or other difference. No differences are seen or acknowledged; everyone is the same.
• Cultural Appropriation:聽The non-consensual/misappropriate use of cultural elements for commodification or profit purposes 鈥� including symbols, art, language, customs, etc. 鈥� often without understanding, acknowledgment or respect for its value in the context of its original culture.
• Decolonize: The active and intentional process of unlearning values, beliefs and conceptions that have caused physical, emotional or mental harm to people through colonization. It requires a recognition of systems of oppression.
• Disability:聽Physical or mental impairment that affects a person鈥檚 ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.
• Diversity:聽Socially, it refers to the wide range of identities. It broadly includes race, ethnicity, gender, age, national origin, religion, disability, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, education, marital status, language, veteran status, physical appearance, etc. It also involves different ideas, perspectives and values.
• Discrimination:聽The unequal treatment of members of various groups, based on conscious or unconscious prejudice, which favors one group over others on differences of race, gender, economic class, sexual orientation, physical ability, religion, language, age, national identity, religion and other categories.
• Equity:聽The fair treatment, access, opportunity and advancement for all people, while at the same time striving to identify and eliminate barriers that prevent the full participation of some groups. The principle of equity acknowledges that there are historically underserved and underrepresented populations and that fairness regarding these unbalanced conditions is necessary to provide equal opportunities to all groups.
• Gender Identity:聽Distinct from the term 鈥渟exual orientation,鈥� refers to a person鈥檚 internal sense of being male, female or something else. Since gender identity is internal, one鈥檚 gender identity is not necessarily visible to others.
• Gender Non-conforming:聽An individual whose gender expression is different from societal expectations related to gender.
• Harassment:聽The use of comments or actions that can be perceived as offensive, embarrassing, humiliating, demeaning and unwelcome.
• Implicit Bias:聽Negative associations expressed automatically that people unknowingly hold and that that affect our understanding, actions and decisions; also known as unconscious or hidden bias.
• Inclusion:聽The act of creating an environment in which any individual or group will be welcomed, respected, supported and valued as a fully participating member. An inclusive and welcoming climate embraces and respects differences.
• Institutional Racism:聽Institutional racism refers specifically to the ways in which institutional policies and practices create different outcomes and opportunities for different groups based on racial discrimination.
• Intersectionality:聽A social construct that recognizes the fluid diversity of identities that a person can hold such as gender, race, class, religion, professional status, marital status, socioeconomic status, etc.
• 鈥泪蝉尘蝉鈥�:聽A way of describing any attitude, action or institutional structure that oppresses a person or group because of their target group. For example, race (racism), gender (sexism), economic status (classism), older age (ageism), religion (e.g., anti-Semitism), sexual orientation (heterosexism), language/immigrant status (xenophobism), etc.
• LGBTQIA:聽An inclusive term for those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual.
• Microaggression:聽The verbal, nonverbal and environmental slights, snubs, insults or actions, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory or negative messages to target persons based solely upon discriminatory belief systems.
• Multicultural Competency:聽A process of embracing diversity and learning about people from other cultural backgrounds. The key element to becoming more culturally competent is respect for the ways that others live in and organize the world and an openness to learn from them.
• Oppression:聽The systemic and pervasive nature of social inequality woven throughout social institutions as well as embedded within individual consciousness. Oppression fuses institutional and systemic discrimination, personal bias, bigotry and social prejudice in a complex web of relationships and structures.
• Patriarchy:聽Actions and beliefs that prioritizes masculinity. Patriarchy is practiced systemically in the ways and methods through which power is distributed in society (jobs and positions of power given to men in government, policy, criminal justice, etc.) while also influencing how we interact with one another interpersonally (gender expectations, sexual dynamics, space-taking, etc.).
• People of Color:聽A collective term for men and women of Asian, African, Latinx and Native American backgrounds, as opposed to the collective 鈥淲hite鈥�.
• Prejudice:聽A preconceived judgement or preference, especially one that interferes with impartial judgment and can be rooted in stereotypes, that denies the right of individual members of certain groups to be recognized.
• Privilege:聽Exclusive access or access to material and immaterial resources based on the membership to a dominant social group.
• Queer:聽An umbrella term that can refer to anyone who transgresses society鈥檚 view of gender or sexuality. The definitional indeterminacy of the word Queer, its elasticity, is one of its characteristics: 鈥淎 zone of possibilities.鈥�
• Race:聽A social construct that artificially divides people into distinct groups based on characteristics such as physical appearance (particularly race), ancestral heritage, cultural affiliation, cultural history, ethnic classification, and the social, economic and political needs of a society at a given period of time
• Safe Space:聽Refers to an environment in which everyone feels comfortable expressing themselves and participating fully, without fear of attack, ridicule or denial of experience.
• Sexual Orientation:聽An individual鈥檚 enduring physical, romantic and/or emotional attraction to another person. Gender identity and sexual orientation are not the same. Transgender people may be straight, lesbian, gay or bisexual.
• Social Justice:聽Social justice constitutes a form of activism, based on principles of equity and inclusion that encompasses a vision of society in which the distribution of resources is equitable and all members are physically and psychologically safe and secure. Social justice involves social actors who have a sense of their own agency as well as a sense of social responsibility toward and with others.
• Stereotype:聽A form of generalization rooted in blanket beliefs and false assumptions, a product of processes of categorization that can result in a prejudiced attitude, critical judgment and intentional or unintentional discrimination. Stereotypes are typically negative, based on little information and does not recognize individualism and personal agency.
• Structural inequality:聽聽Systemic disadvantage(s) of one social group compared to other groups, rooted and perpetuated through discriminatory practices (conscious or unconscious) that are reinforced through institutions, ideologies, representations, policies/laws and practices. When this kind of inequality is related to racial/ethnic discrimination, it is referred to as systemic or structural racism.
• System of Oppression:聽Conscious and unconscious, non-random and organized harassment, discrimination, exploitation, discrimination, prejudice and other forms of unequal treatment that impact different groups. Sometimes is used to refer to systemic racism.
• Tokenism:聽Performative presence without meaningful participation. For example, a superficial invitation for the participation of members of a certain socially oppressed group, who are expected to speak for the whole group without giving this person a real opportunity to speak for her/himself.
• White Supremacy:聽A power system structured and maintained by persons who classify themselves as White, whether consciously or subconsciously determined; and who feel superior to those of other racial/ethnic identities.

The terms contained in this glossary have been reproduced from the following resources:

1. Anti-Violence Project.聽. University of Victoria.
2. Colors of Resistance.聽.
3. Cram, R. H. (2002).聽Teaching for diversity and social justice: A sourcebook.
4. Equity and Inclusion.聽. UC Davis.
5. Potapchuk, M., Leiderman, S., et al. (2009).聽. Center for Assessment and Policy Development.
6. Center for Diversity & Inclusion.聽. Washington University in St. Louis.
7. Ontario Human Rights Commission.聽.